Geological Periods

An illustration depicting the intricate spiral of water and plants intertwined within a geological rock formation on Earth.
You’re probably familiar with at least one geological period. Who hasn’t heard of the film Jurassic Park? The entire history of the Earth over the past 540 million years is divided into periods, which are in turn divided into epochs and centuries. But how do geologists know when a particular stage started and ended?

Topic Last Updated on 05-07-2024

STONE CHRONICLE​

Post on topic: Geological Periods.

How can we even begin to understand what was happening on our planet millions of years ago? Our main source of information is rock formations that developed during those distant eras. By studying them, geologists can try to reconstruct the conditions that existed at the time of their formation. For example, if a layer of solidified lava or volcanic ash is found, it is evident that a volcano was erupting nearby. A layer of clay suggests that there was a sea, and quite a deep one. In addition, fossilized remains of ancient animals and plants are often preserved in sedimentary rocks, which can be used to restore their appearance.

If we find a place where several different layers are visible one above the other (this is called a geological outcrop), then it is logical to assume that the higher up the layer, the later it was formed.
Geological outcrops in Karijini National Park, Australia. By studying outcrops, geologists can try to reconstruct the conditions that existed at the time of their formation.
Geological outcrops in Karijini National Park, Australia
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